windows 7 PowerShell 笔记

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对 powershell 做下总结
启动  powershell

#字符串操作
对象操作 "hello".Length 


#进程操作
PS C:\> notepad	
PS C:\> $process=get-process notepad
PS C:\> $process.Kill()


#默认对象操作
PS C:\> 40GB/650MB
63.0153846153846

#时间操作
PS C:\> [DateTime]"2009-12-5" - [DateTime]::Now
Days              : -58
Hours             : -14
Minutes           : -53
Seconds           : -58
Milliseconds      : -510
Ticks             : -50648385105314
TotalDays         : -58.6208160941134
TotalHours        : -1406.89958625872
TotalMinutes      : -84413.9751755233
TotalSeconds      : -5064838.5105314
TotalMilliseconds : -5064838510.5314

#时间对象操作
PS C:\> $result = [DateTime]"2009-12-5" - [DateTime]::Now
PS C:\> $result.TotalDays
-58.6213450248299


#查询今天星期几
PS C:\Users\vv> $date=Get-Date
PS C:\Users\vv> $date.DayOfWeek
Monday


#查找powershell命令中包含单词process的命令
PS C:\> Get-Command *process*
CommandType     Name                            Definition
-----------     ----                            ----------
Application     api-ms-win-core-processenvir... C:\Windows\system32\api-ms-w...
Application     api-ms-win-core-processthrea... C:\Windows\system32\api-ms-w...
Cmdlet          Debug-Process                   Debug-Process [-Name] <Strin...
Cmdlet          Get-Process                     Get-Process [[-Name] <String...
Application     microsoft-windows-kernel-pro... C:\Windows\system32\microsof...
Application     qprocess.exe                    C:\Windows\system32\qprocess...
Cmdlet          Start-Process                   Start-Process [-FilePath] <S...
Cmdlet          Stop-Process                    Stop-Process [-Id] <Int32[]>...
Cmdlet          Wait-Process                    Wait-Process [-Name] <String...


#检索donet中对象的属性和方法
PS C:\> "aaa" | Get-Member

   TypeName: System.String

Name             MemberType            Definition
----             ----------            ----------
Clone            Method                System.Object Clone()
CompareTo        Method                int CompareTo(System.Object value), i...
Contains         Method                bool Contains(string value)
CopyTo           Method                System.Void CopyTo(int sourceIndex, c...
EndsWith         Method                bool EndsWith(string value), bool End...
Equals           Method                bool Equals(System.Object obj), bool ...
GetEnumerator    Method                System.CharEnumerator GetEnumerator()
GetHashCode      Method                int GetHashCode()
GetType          Method                type GetType()
GetTypeCode      Method                System.TypeCode GetTypeCode()
IndexOf          Method                int IndexOf(char value), int IndexOf(...
IndexOfAny       Method                int IndexOfAny(char[] anyOf), int Ind...
Insert           Method                string Insert(int startIndex, string ...
IsNormalized     Method                bool IsNormalized(), bool IsNormalize...
LastIndexOf      Method                int LastIndexOf(char value), int Last...
LastIndexOfAny   Method                int LastIndexOfAny(char[] anyOf), int...
...


#统计所有正在运行的进程的句柄数
PS C:\> $handleCount=0
PS C:\> foreach($process in Get-process) { $handleCount +=$process.Handles }
PS C:\> $handleCount
23318

#直接调用donet对象，获取网页内容
PS C:\> $webClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
PS C:\> $content = $webClient.DownloadString("http://www.baidu.com")
PS C:\> $content.Substring(0,1000)
<html><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html;charset=gb2312"><t
itle>百度一下，你就知道      </title><style>body{margin:4px 0}p{margin:0;paddin
g:0}img{border:0}td,p,#u{font-size:12px}#b,#u,#l td,a{font-family:arial}#kw{fon
t:16px Verdana;height:1.78em;padding-top:2px}#b{height:30px;padding-top:4px}#b,
#b a{color:#77c}#u{padding-right:10px;line-height:19px;text-align:right;margin:
0 0 3px !important;margin:0 0 10px}#sb{height:2em;width:5.6em}#km{height:50px}#
l{margin:0 0 5px 38px}#l td{padding-left:107px}p,table{width:650px;border:0}#l
td,#sb,#km{font-size:14px}#l a,#l b{margin-right:1.14em}a{color:#00c}a:active{c
olor:#f60}#hp{position:absolute;margin-left:6px}#lg{margin:-26px 0 -44px}#lk{wi
dth:auto;line-height:18px;vertical-align:top}form{position:relative;z-index:9}<
/style></head>
<body><div id=u><a href=http://passport.baidu.com/?login&tpl=mn>登录</a></div><
center><img src=http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif width=270 height=129 us
emap="#mp" id=lg><br><br><br><br><table cellpadd


#获取系统信息
PS C:\> Get-WmiObject Win32_Bios

SMBIOSBIOSVersion : 2TKT00AUS
Manufacturer      : LENOVO
Name              : Default System BIOS
SerialNumber      : 1111111
Version           : LENOVO - 5000821


#导航文件系统
PS C:\> Set-Location c:\
PS C:\> Get-ChildItem


    目录: C:\


Mode                LastWriteTime     Length Name
----                -------------     ------ ----
d----          2010/1/7     14:20            bea
d----          2010/1/7     14:20            BEA WebLogic E-Business Platform
d----         2009/12/7     13:02            dzh
d----          2010/1/2     15:48            his
d----         2009/7/14     10:37            PerfLogs
d-r--         2010/1/25     12:58            Program Files
d-r--        2009/12/31     19:11            Users
d----         2009/11/7      9:52            usr
d----         2010/1/28      3:16            Windows
-a---         2009/6/11      5:42         24 autoexec.bat
-a---         2009/6/11      5:42         10 config.sys
-a---        2009/10/28     13:37     454656 putty.exe


#导航注册表
PS C:\> Set-Location HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\
PS HKCU:\Software\Microsoft\Windows\> Get-ChildItem


    Hive: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows


SKC  VC Name                           Property
---  -- ----                           --------
 33   0 CurrentVersion                 {}
  0  11 DWM                            {Composition, CompositionPolicy, Colo...
  3   0 Shell                          {}
  1   0 ShellNoRoam                    {}
  2   0 TabletPC                       {}
  3  12 Windows Error Reporting        {ConfigureArchive, DisableArchive, Di...


#导航证书
PS C:\Users\vv> Set-Location cert:\CurrentUser\Root
PS cert:\CurrentUser\Root> Get-ChildItem


    目录: Microsoft.PowerShell.Security\Certificate::CurrentUser\Root


Thumbprint                                Subject
----------                                -------
CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072  CN=Microsoft Root Certificate Auth...
BE36A4562FB2EE05DBB3D32323ADF445084ED656  CN=Thawte Timestamping CA, OU=Thaw...
A7217F919843199C958C128449DD52D2723B0A8A  CN=Alibaba.com Corporation Root CA...
A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419  CN=Microsoft Root Authority, OU=Mi...
7F88CD7223F3C813818C994614A89C99FA3B5247  CN=Microsoft Authenticode(tm) Root...
742C3192E607E424EB4549542BE1BBC53E6174E2  OU=Class 3 Public Primary Certific...
654E9FADD2032AE1B87D6263AF04FD7FEE38D57C  CN=iTruschina CN Root CA-3, OU=Chi...
46F168AF009C28C18F452EB85F5E8747892B3C8B  CN=iTruschina CN Root CA-2, OU=Chi...
245C97DF7514E7CF2DF8BE72AE957B9E04741E85  OU=Copyright (c) 1997 Microsoft Co...
240A61A2577970625B9F0B81283C4AA4037217B1  CN=iTruschina CN Root CA-1, OU=Chi...
18F7C1FCC3090203FD5BAA2F861A754976C8DD25  OU="NO LIABILITY ACCEPTED, (c)97 V...


#显示所有进程
PS C:\Users\vv> Get-Process

Handles  NPM(K)    PM(K)      WS(K) VM(M)   CPU(s)     Id ProcessName
-------  ------    -----      ----- -----   ------     -- -----------
    527      28    40784      44864   243    18.94   4956 360SE
    537      29    49144      59340   248     9.09   5276 360SE
    924      20    17580       2504   132            3768 360tray
    160       5    16080       7852    41            2036 audiodg
    318      24     6524       7008   124             188 CCProxy
     56       5      796        288    33            1232 CNAB4RPK
     61       4     1568       6916    63     0.19   5064 conhost
     60       4     1532       3628    63     0.06   5584 conhost
    645       6     2076       1204    72             380 csrss
    649       9     8148      11056   185             440 csrss
......


#搜索所有包含Get动词的命令
PS C:\Users\vv> Get-Command -Verb Get

CommandType     Name                            Definition
-----------     ----                            ----------
Cmdlet          Get-Acl                         Get-Acl [[-Path] <String[]>]...
Cmdlet          Get-Alias                       Get-Alias [[-Name] <String[]...
Cmdlet          Get-AuthenticodeSignature       Get-AuthenticodeSignature [-...
Cmdlet          Get-ChildItem                   Get-ChildItem [[-Path] <Stri...
Cmdlet          Get-Command                     Get-Command [[-ArgumentList]...
Cmdlet          Get-ComputerRestorePoint        Get-ComputerRestorePoint [[-...
......


#帮助
PS C:\Users\vv> Get-Help Get-Verb -Full/-Detailed/-Examples


#调用powershell脚本
PowerShell "& 'C:\get-report.ps1' arguments"


#循环
PS C:\Users\vv> 1..10 | % {"aaa"}
aaa
aaa
aaa
aaa
aaa
aaa
aaa
aaa
aaa
aaa


#数据加密(Base64)
PS C:\Users\vv> $bytes=[System.Text.Encoding]::Unicode.GetBytes("aaa")
PS C:\Users\vv> $encodedString=[Convert]::ToBase64String($bytes)
PS C:\Users\vv> $encodedString
YQBhAGEA


#检查命令是否执行成功
PS C:\Users\vv> $lastExitCode
0
PS C:\Users\vv> $?
True


#性能测试，计算一个命令执行的时间
PS C:\Users\vv> Measure-Command { Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 337 }
Days              : 0
Hours             : 0
Minutes           : 0
Seconds           : 0
Milliseconds      : 340
Ticks             : 3404713
TotalDays         : 3.9406400462963E-06
TotalHours        : 9.45753611111111E-05
TotalMinutes      : 0.00567452166666667
TotalSeconds      : 0.3404713
TotalMilliseconds : 340.4713


#foreach 循环
foreach($alias in Get-Alias){
	$alias
}


#显示为表格
PS C:\Users\vv> Get-Process | Format-Table Name,WS -Auto


#复制文件
Copy-Item c:\temp\*.txt c:\temp\backup\ -verbose


#列出所有已经停止的服务
PS C:\Users\vv> Get-Service | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "Stopped" }
#列出当前位置的所有子目录
PS C:\Users\vv> Get-ChildItem | Where-Object { $_.PsIsContainer }


#循环
PS C:\Users\vv> 1..10 | Foreach-Object { $_ * 2 }


#获取正在运行的记事本程序的进程列表，然后等待他们退出
PS C:\Users\vv> $notepadProcesses = Get-Process notepad
PS C:\Users\vv> $notepadProcesses | Foreach-Object { $_.WaitForExit() }

#其它循环关键字
for foreach do while


#从管道中选择接收值
PS C:\Users\vv> dir | Select Name


#释放变量占用的内存空间
$processes = $null


#显示所有变量
PS C:\> dir variable:\

PS C:\> dir variable:\s*

#显示文件内容
PS C:\> ${c:\autoexec.bat}

#变量范围
$Global:myVariable1 = value1
$Script:myVariable2 = value2
$Local:myVariable3 = value3


#静态方法 调用 donet
PS C:\> [System.Diagnostics.Process]::GetProcessById(0)

Handles  NPM(K)    PM(K)      WS(K) VM(M)   CPU(s)     Id ProcessName
-------  ------    -----      ----- -----   ------     -- -----------
      0       0        0         24     0               0 Idle


Get-Process Notepad
#Get-Process 代替 System.Diagnostics.Process

$process.WaitForExit()  #暂停直到结束

Get-Date 等同于 [System.DateTime]::Now

#创建对象
PS C:\> $generator = New-Object System.Random
PS C:\> $generator.NextDouble()
0.121309703738107

PS C:\> (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString("http://www.baidu.com")

#先加载库文件
PS C:\> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Windows.Forms")
GAC    Version        Location
---    -------        --------
True   v2.0.50727     C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_MSIL\System.Windows.Forms\2.0....
#创建后保存
PS C:\> $image = New-Object System.Drawing.Bitmap source.gif
PS C:\> $image.Save("source_1.jpg","JPEG")


PS C:\> [Reflection.Assembly]::LoadWithPartialName("System.Web")
GAC    Version        Location
---    -------        --------
True   v2.0.50727     C:\Windows\assembly\GAC_32\System.Web\2.0.0.0__b03f5f7...

PS C:\> [Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode("http://search.msn.com")
http%3a%2f%2fsearch.msn.com


#缩短类名
PS C:\> $math=[System.Math]
PS C:\> $math::Min(1,10)
1

#调用COM组件
$sapi = New-Object -Com Sapi.SpVoice
$sapi.rate=0
$sapi.Speak("一直以为...只要隐着身，就没有美女认得出我是帅哥！但是...我错了，像我这样拉风的男人，就好比那暗夜里的萤火虫，田地里的金龟子，是那样的鲜明，那样的出众，特别是我那忧郁的眼神，凌乱的头发，嘴里叼着四块五的红金龙，还有我兜里露出来的半包旺旺雪饼，深深地出卖了我。")


#获取对象类型
$date = Get-Date
$date.GetType().ToString()


#正则表达式匹配
PS C:\Users\vv> "Hello World" -match "Hello"
True

#条件运算符
PS C:\Users\vv> $data = "Hello World"
($data -like "*llo w*") -and ($data.Length -gt 10)
True

#逻辑运算关键字
-eq -ne -ge -lt -le -like -notlike -match -notmatch -contains -notcontains -is isnot


#条件语句
if elseif else

$a=20
switch($a)
{
    {$_ -lt 32} {"aaaa";break}
    32          {"bbb";break}
    default     {"ccc"}
}

#循环
#for foreach while do foreach-object
foreach($file in dir){
	"File length:"+$file.Length
}

#暂停或延迟
Read-Host "Press ENTER"
Start-Sleep 2
Start-Sleep -Milliseconds 300


#字符串 使用单引号表示原生字符串，不支持变量扩展或转义字符
$myString = 'Hello World'

#多行字符串
$myString = @"
This is the first line,
This is the second line.
"@

#多行注释
##This is a regular comment
$null=@"
function MyTest{
	"aaaaaaaaaaaa"
}
"@
#变量$null告诉PowerShell不必为后续的使用而继续保留信息了

#转义字符 ` （不使用反斜杠）
PS C:\Users\vv> $myString = "Report for today `n---------"
$myString
Report for today 
---------

#字符串变量
PS C:\Users\vv> $header = "Report for today"
$myString = "$header `n$('-'*$header.Length)"
$myString

Report for today 
----------------

#格式化输出 右对齐8个字符，格式为4为数字，:C表示货币形式  -f String.Format()
PS C:\Users\vv> $formatString = "{0,8:D4} {1:C}`n"
$report = "Quantity  Price`n"
$report += "--------------`n"
$report += $formatString -f 50,2.5677
$report += $formatString -f 3,7
$report
Quantity  Price
--------------
    0050 ¥2.57
    0003 ¥7.00

#字符串方法
PS C:\Users\vv> "abc".IndexOf("b")
1

PS C:\Users\vv> "abc".Contains("b")
True

#$helpContent 得到的是一个对像，而不是字符串
$helpContent = Get-Help Get-ChildItem
$helpContent -match "location"
False

$helpContent.Name
Get-ChildItem

#得到字符串使用下面的方式
$helpContent = Get-Help Get-ChildItem | Out-String
$helpContent -match "location"
True

"Hello World".Replace("World","PowerShell")
Hello PowerShell

#replace 高级用法
"Hello World" -replace '(.*) (.*)','$2 $1'
World Hello

"Hello World".ToUpper()
HELLO WORLD
"Hello World".ToLower()
hello world

#首字符大写
$text = "hello"
$newText = $text.Substring(0,1).ToUpper()+$text.Substring(1)

"Hello World".Trim()

#从字符串尾部取出字符
"Hello World".TrimEnd('w','d',' ');

#格式化日期
$date = [DateTime]::now
$date.ToString("dd-MM-yyyy")

#日期比较
$dueDate = [DateTime] "01/01/2008"
if([DateTime]::Now -gt $dueDate)
{
    "Account is now due"
}


#字符串合并用 append
Measure-Command{
    $output = New-Object Text.StringBuilder
    1..10000 |
        Foreach-Object { $output.Append("Hello World") }
}
Days              : 0
Hours             : 0
Minutes           : 0
Seconds           : 1
Milliseconds      : 696
Ticks             : 16965372
TotalDays         : 1.96358472222222E-05
TotalHours        : 0.000471260333333333
TotalMinutes      : 0.02827562
TotalSeconds      : 1.6965372
TotalMilliseconds : 1696.5372

Measure-Command{
    $output =""
    1..10000 |
        Foreach-Object { $output+="Hello World" }
}
Days              : 0
Hours             : 0
Minutes           : 0
Seconds           : 5
Milliseconds      : 453
Ticks             : 54531118
TotalDays         : 6.31147199074074E-05
TotalHours        : 0.00151475327777778
TotalMinutes      : 0.0908851966666667
TotalSeconds      : 5.4531118
TotalMilliseconds : 5453.1118


#数学计算
$result = [int](3/2)
$result
2

#截断
$result=3/2
[Math]::Truncate($result)
1

function trunc($number){
    [Math]::Truncate($number)
}
$result=3/2
trunc $result
1

[Math]::Abs(-10.6)
[Math]::Pow(123,2)
[Math]::Sqrt(100)
[Math]::Sin([Math]::PI /2)
[Math]::ASin(1)

#立方根
function root($number,$root){ [Math]::Exp($([Math]::Log($number)/$root))}
root 64 3
4

#统计
1..10 | Measure-Object -Average -Sum

Count    : 10
Average  : 5.5
Sum      : 55
Maximum  : 
Minimum  : 
Property : 

Get-ChildItem > output.txt
Get-COntent output.txt | Measure-Object -Character -Word -Line

                   Lines                    Words              Characters Property               
                   -----                    -----              ---------- --------               
                      28                      117                    2638    
											
#从文件列表中取得LastWriteTime的平均值
$times = dir | Foreach-Object { $_.LastWriteTime }
$results = $times | Measure-Object Ticks -Average
New-Object DateTime $results.Average

2009年12月11日 21:27:09


#16进制数
$hexNumber = 0x1234
$hexNumber
4660

#16进制 转 2进制
[Convert]::ToString(12341,2)
11000000110101

#2进制转10进制
[Convert]::ToInt32("11000000110101",2)
12341

#修改文件属性，并查询
$archive = [System.IO.FileAttributes] "Archive"
attrib +a test.txt
Get-ChildItem | Where { $_.Attributes -band $archive } | Select Name


#文件加密
(Get-Item output.txt).Encrypt()
#文件解密
(Get-Item output.txt).Decrypt()

#设置文件属性
(Get-Item output.txt).IsReadOnly
True
(Get-Item output.txt).IsReadOnly = $false
(Get-Item output.txt).IsReadOnly
False


#枚举文件可能的属性
[Enum]::GetNames([System.IO.FileAttributes])
ReadOnly
Hidden
System
Directory
Archive
Device
Normal
Temporary
SparseFile
ReparsePoint
Compressed
Offline
NotContentIndexed
Encrypted


[int] (Get-Item output.txt).Attributes
32

#文件属性的表示形式
$attributes = [Enum]::GetValues([System.IO.FileAttributes])
$attributes | Select-Object `
    @{"Name"="Property";"Expression"={ $_ }},
    @{"Name"="Integer";"Expression"={ [int]$_ }},
    @{"Name"="Hexadecimal";"Expression"={ [Convert]::ToString([int] $_,16)}},
    @{"Name"="Binary";"Expression"={ [Convert]::ToString([int] $_,2)}} |
    Format-Table -auto

         Property Integer Hexadecimal Binary         
         -------- ------- ----------- ------         
         ReadOnly       1 1           1              
           Hidden       2 2           10             
           System       4 4           100            
        Directory      16 10          10000          
          Archive      32 20          100000         
           Device      64 40          1000000        
           Normal     128 80          10000000       
        Temporary     256 100         100000000      
       SparseFile     512 200         1000000000     
     ReparsePoint    1024 400         10000000000    
       Compressed    2048 800         100000000000   
          Offline    4096 1000        1000000000000  
NotContentIndexed    8192 2000        10000000000000 
        Encrypted   16384 4000        100000000000000


#判断文件属性
$encrypted=16384
$attributes = (Get-Item output.txt -force).Attributes
($attributes -band $encrypted) -eq $encrypted
False


#读取文件内容
$content = Get-Content c:\file.txt
$content = ${c:\file.txt}
$content = [System.IO.File]::ReadAllText("c:\file.txt")

#搜索文件文本
Select-String -Simple "aaa" file.txt
Select-String "\(...\) ...-..." phone.txt

Get-ChildItem -Filter *.txt -Recurse | Select-String pattern


#获取被补丁修改的文件列表
cd $env:WINDIR
$parseExpression = "(.*): Destination:(.*) \((.*)\)"
$files = dir kb*.log -Exclude *uninst.log
$logContent = $files | Get-Content | Select-String $parseExpression
$logContent

#移动文件，删除文件
$filename = [System.IO.Path]::GetTempFileName()
$newname = [System.IO.Path]::ChangeExtension($filename,".cs")
Move-Item $filename $newname
Remove-Item $newname


#内容写入到文件
$filename = "output.txt"
$content = Get-Content $filename
$content = "hellohello"
$content | Set-Content $filename


#xml文件
$xml = [xml] (Get-Content powershell_blog.xml)
$xml.rss
($xml.rss.channel.item).Count
($xml.rss.channel.item)[0].title
$xml.rss.channel.item | Sort-Object title | Select-Object title

#XPath查询
#查询所有少于20个字符的标题
$xml = [xml] (Get-Content powershell_blog.xml)
$query = "/rss/chanel/item[string-length(title) < 20]/title"
$xml.SelectNodes($query)

#修改xml
$filename = (Get-Item phone.xml).FullName
Get-Content $fileName
$phoneBook = [xml](Get-Content $fileName)
$person = $phoneBook.AddressBook.Person[0]
$person.Phone[0]."#text" = "555-1214"
$person.Phone[0].type="mobile"
$newNumber = [xml]'<Phone type="home">555-1215</Phone>'
$newNode = $phoneBook.ImportNode($newNumber.Phone,$true)
[void] $person.AppendChild($newNode)
$phoneBook.save($filename)
Get-Content $filename



#Internet 脚本
#下载一个文件 (参数错误？)
$source = "http://img3.cn.msn.com/images/0809/logo1.png"
$destination = "c:\logo1.png"
$wc = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$wc.DownloadFile($source,$destination)

#下载一个Web页面
$source = "http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/rss.xml"
$wc = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$content = $wc.DownloadString($source)

#输出格式为Html 创建一个PowerShell命令的概要
$filename = "c:\PowerShell.html"
$commands = Get-Command | Where { $_.CommandType -ne "Alias" }
$summary = $commands | Get-Help | Select Name,Synopsis
$summary | ConvertTo-Html | Set-Content $filename

#脚本块
function MultiplyInpuByTwo
{
    process
    {
        $_ * 2
    }
}

1,2,3 | MultiplyInpuByTwo
2
4
6

#从脚本块返回数据
function GetDate
{
	Get-Date
}
$tomorrow = (GetDate).AddDays(1)





#数组
$myArray = 1,2,"aaa"
$myArray
1
2
aaa

#数组 基本操作
$collection = New-Object System.Collections.ArrayList
$collection.Add("Hello")
[void]$collection.Add("Hello")
[void]$collection.AddRange{("a","b")}
$collection.RemoveAt(1)

$myArray = New-Object string[] 10
$myArray[5]="bbb"


$myArray = Get-Process
$myArray

Handles  NPM(K)    PM(K)      WS(K) VM(M)   CPU(s)     Id ProcessName                            
-------  ------    -----      ----- -----   ------     -- -----------                            
    851      38    69204     101888   338   137.36   5012 360SE                                  
    532      30    42192      42316   271    54.19   5864 360SE                                  
    965      19    17784       2192   132            3768 360tray                                
    134       5    15516      12864    41            3612 audiodg                                
    314      21     6796       5228   127             188 CCProxy                                
     56       5      796        304    33            1232 CNAB4RPK                               
     61       4     1532       1312    63     0.09   5436 conhost    
......


$myArray = @(Get-Process Explorer)
$myArray

Handles  NPM(K)    PM(K)      WS(K) VM(M)   CPU(s)     Id ProcessName                            
-------  ------    -----      ----- -----   ------     -- -----------                            
   1085      42    52080      98140   300   164.77   2256 explorer                               



$a = @(
    (1,2,3,4),
    (5,6,7,8)
)
$a[0][1]
2

$myArray = 1,2,3
$myArray[1..3 + 0]
2
3
1

#访问数组中的每一个元素
$myArray = 1,2,3
$sum = 0
$myArray | Foreach-Object {$sum+=$_}
$sum
6

#访问数组中的每一个元素，更脚本化
$myArray = 1,2,3
$sum=0
foreach($element in $myArray){$sum+=$element}
$sum
6

#数组列表排序
Get-ChildItem | Sort-Object -Descending Length | Select Name, Length

#检查数组列表是否包含指定的项
"Hello","World" -contains "Hello"

#合并数组
$array = 1,2
$array += 3,4

#数组查询
$array = "Item1","Item2","Item3","Item4","Item15"
$array -eq "Item1"		#Item1
$array -like "*2*"		#Item2
$array -match "Item.."	#Item15
$array -ne "Item1"	#Item2 Item3 Item4 Item15
$array -notlike "*1*"	#Item2 Item3 Item4
$array -notmatch "Item.." #Item1 Item2 Item3 Item4


#哈希表 ,哈希表不保存顺序，可用 Sort 排序
$myHashtable = @{}
$myHashtable = @{key1="value1";key2=1,2,3}
$myHashtable["NewItem"]=5
foreach($item in $myHashtable.GetEnumerator() | Sort Name)
{
	$item.value
}


#参数
function Reverse
{
	$srgsEnd = $args.Length - 1
	$args[$srgsEnd..0]
}
Reverse 1,2,3,4


#用户交互
#读取用户输入一行
$directory = Read-Host "Enter a directory name:"
$directory

#读取用户输入的键
$key = [Console]::ReadKey($true)
$key

$key = $host.UI.RawUI.ReadKey("NoEcho,IncludeKeyDown")

#环境变量

#查看
$env:username

#完整方式
Get-Content Env:\Username


#查看所有变量
dir env:

Name                           Value                                                             
----                           -----                                                             
ALLUSERSPROFILE                C:\ProgramData                                                    
ANT_HOME                       D:\J2EE\apache-ant-1.7.0                                          
APPDATA                        C:\Users\vv\AppData\Roaming                                       
CLASSPATH                      .\;D:\Design\J2EE\jdk1.6.0_10\lib\tools.jar                       
CommonProgramFiles             C:\Program Files\Common Files                                     
COMPUTERNAME                   VV-PC                                                             
ComSpec                        C:\Windows\system32\cmd.exe                                       
FP_NO_HOST_CHECK               NO                                                                
HOMEDRIVE                      C:                                                                
HOMEPATH                       \Users\vv                                                         
JAVA_HOME                      D:\Design\J2EE\jdk1.6.0_10   
......

#设置环境变量（永久）
$oldPersonalPath = ";d:\tools"
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path",$oldPersonalPath,"User")
[Environment]::GetEnvironmentVariable("Path","User")	#;d:\tools


#阅读 rss
$sapi = New-Object -Com Sapi.SpVoice
$WebClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$WebClient.Encoding=[System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
$rss = [XML]($WebClient.DownloadString("http://weather.qq.com/zixun/rss_fyzx.xml"))
foreach($item in $rss.rss.channel.Item){
    $title = $item.title
    #$title = $item.title.InnerText
    $content = $item.description
    #$content = $item.description.InnerText
    #$content = $item.description.InnerText.Replace("&nbsp","")
    $title
    $sapi.Speak($title+"。")
    $content
    $sapi.Speak($content+"。。")
}